Mindblown: a blog about philosophy.
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COMPARISON OF FOUR-STROKE AND TWO-STROKE ENGINES
Table 10.1 shows a comparison of four-stroke and two-stroke engines. Table 10.1 Comparison of two-stroke and four-stroke engines
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WORKING OF IC ENGINES
1 Four-stroke Spark-ignition Engine The details of various processes of a four-stroke spark-ignition engine with overhead valves are shown in Fig. 10.5. Within the four strokes, there are five events to be completed namely, suction, compression, combustion, expansion, and exhaust. Figure 10.5 Working principle of a four-stroke SI engine: (a) Suction stroke, (b) Compression stroke, (c) Expansion…
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CONSTRUCTION FEATURES
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CLASSIFICATION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
Figure 10.1 shows the classification of IC engines on the basis of cycle of operation into cylinder, type of fuel, method of supply of fuel, type of ignition, among others. Figure 10.1 IC engine classification
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INTRODUCTION
An engine may be defined as a device which converts one form of energy into mechanical energy. Mechanical energy can be further easily converted into electrical energy which is easier to transport and control. Heat engine is a cyclic device which transforms heat energy into mechanical energy. Heat engines are classified into the following: In…
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COMPARISON BETWEEN OTTO, DIESEL, AND DUAL CYCLES
The comparison parameters selected are: Figure 9.14 Comparison for equal compression ratio and heat input:(a) p-v diagram, (b) T-s diagram Figure 9.17 Comparison for equal compression ratio and heat rejection: (a) p-v diagram, (b) T-s diagram Example 9.1 A Carnot cycle has lowest temperature and pressure of 20°C and 1 bar. The pressures are: 4 bar after…
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BRAYTON CYCLE
The air standard Brayton or Joule cycle is a constant pressure cycle used in gas turbine power plants. The p-v and T-S diagrams are shown in Fig 9.12. It consists of the following processes: 1−2: Isentropic compression in the compressor 2−3: Constant pressure heat addition. 3−4: Isentropic expansion of air 4−4: Constant pressure heat rejection Consider 1 kg of working…
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DUAL CYCLE
In the dual cycle, part of the heat is supplied at constant volume and the rest at constant pressure. This is also called mixed or limited pressure cycle. The p–v and T–s diagrams are shown in Fig. 9.10. The various processes are: Process 1−2: Isentropic compression of air Process 2−3: Constant volume heat addition Process 3−4: Constant pressure heat addition…
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DIESEL CYCLE
This cycle is used for compression ignition internal combustion engines working on diesel oil. The p-v and T-s diagrams are shown in Fig. 9.8. It consists of four internally reversible processes two adiabatic, one constant pressure and one constant volume. The various processes are: Process 1–2: Isentropic compression of air. Process 2–3: Heat addition at constant pressure. Process 3–4: Isentropic expansion of air.…
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OTTO CYCLE (CONSTANT VOLUME CYCLE)
This cycle is composed of four internally reversible processes, two adiabatic and two constant volume processes. The p-v and T-s diagrams are shown in Fig. 9.6. The various processes are: Process 1−2: Isentropic compression. Process 2−3: Constant volume heat addition. Process 3−4: Isentropic expansion. Process 4−1: Constant volume heat rejection. This cycle is used for spark ignition (petrol) engines. Consider 1 kg of air…
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