Mindblown: a blog about philosophy.
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ATKINSON CYCLE
This cycle has two reversible adiabatics (isentropics), one isobar and one isochore. The p-v and T-s diagrams are shown in Fig. 9.5. For one kg of the working fluid, we have Heat supplied, qs = cv (T3 – T2) Heat rejected, qr = cp (T4 – T1) Net work done, wnet = qs − qr = cv (T3 −T2) − cp (T4 −T1) Thermal efficiency, where Let compression ratio, Explosion ratio, From compression process 1 − 2, we have For constant volume heat addition…
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ERICSSON CYCLE
This cycle also works on the principle of regeneration. It consists of two reversible isothermals and two reversible isobars. The p-v and T-s diagram are shown in Fig. 9.4. The heat rejected during the heat rejection process 4 – 1 at constant pressure is stored in the regenerator and the same is supplied during heat addition process 2 – 3.…
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STIRLING CYCLE
This cycle works on the principle of regeneration by using a regenerator within the engine itself which would store the rejected heat energy during heat rejection process and supply the same during heat addition process. The Stirling cycle consists of two reversible isotherms and two reversible isochors. The p − v and T − s diagrams are shown in Fig.…
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CARNOT CYCLE
The Carnot cycle consists of two reversible isotherms and two reversible adiabatics, as shown in Fig. 9.2. For one kg of gas (T1 > T2), we have Figure 9.2 Carnot cycle: (a) p-v diagram, (b) T-s diagram Heat supplied, Heat rejected, Net work,
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PISTON-CYLINDER ARRANGEMENT
The piston-cylinder arrangement is shown in Fig. 9.1. The various definitions are: Bore (d): is the cylinder or piston diameter. Stroke (L): is the distance moved by the piston in one direction. It is equal to twice the crank radius. Figure 9.1 Piston-cylinder arrangement Top Dead centre (T.D.C.): is the extreme position of the piston near to the head of…
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INTRODUCTION
The gas as the working fluid does not undergo any phase change. The engines working on the gas cycles may be either cyclic or non-cyclic. The working fluid is assumed to obey all laws of a perfect gas. In most of the gas power cycles, the working fluid consists mainly of air. Therefore, it is…
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COOLING TOWER
There is a need to recycle the cooling water through the condenser when cooling water supply is limited. Cooling tower is an artificial device used to cool hot cooling water coming out from the condenser. There are different types of cooling towers. The induced draft type cooling towers are commonly used in high capacity power…
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CONDENSER EFFICIENCY
It is defined as the ratio of the difference between the outlet and inlet temperatures of the cooling water to the difference between the temperature ts corresponding to the vacuum in the condenser and the inlet temperature of cooling water. where tiw, tow = temperature at inlet and outlet respectively of cooling water, ts = temperature of steam corresponding to the actual…
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VACUUM EFFICIENCY
The lowest pressure which can exist in a condenser is the saturation pressure of steam corresponding to the temperature of water entering the condenser. However, the actual pressure is always greater than the ideal pressure by an amount equal to the partial pressure of air present in the condenser. Let ps = saturation pressure of steam…
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AIR PUMP
The function of the air pump is to maintain a desired vacuum in the condenser by removing air and condensed steam. Edward’s air pump is commonly used for this purpose. 1 Edward’s Air Pump This pump is shown in Fig. 8.11. It consists of a plunger or piston D having a conical head E which slides…
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