IC engines can be classified based on several parameters, such as the method of ignition, the number of strokes, the type of fuel used, the arrangement of cylinders, and many more. Each classification has its own set of advantages and disadvantages, and it is crucial to choose the appropriate type of IC engine for a specific application to optimize its performance and efficiency. In this article, we will explore the different types of IC engines based on various parameters and their characteristics.
Classification of IC Engine Based on Cycle Type
IC (Internal Combustion) engines are classified based on the type of cycle they follow. There are two main types of cycles: the Otto cycle and the Diesel cycle. Engines that follow the Otto cycle are called petrol engines, while those that follow the Diesel cycle are called diesel engines. Another cycle, known as the dual cycle, is a combination of the Otto and Diesel cycles and is used in some engines.
Four-Stroke Cycle Engine
In a four-stroke cycle engine, the piston completes four strokes (two upstrokes and two downstrokes) to complete one cycle. The four strokes are named intake, compression, power, and exhaust stroke. In the intake stroke, the fuel-air mixture is drawn into the cylinder. The piston then moves upward to compress the mixture in the compression stroke. The spark plug ignites the compressed fuel-air mixture in the power stroke, causing a rapid expansion of gases that pushes the piston down. Finally, in the exhaust stroke, burnt gases are expelled from the engine.
Two-Stroke Cycle Engine
In a two-stroke cycle engine, the piston completes two strokes (one upstroke and one downstroke) to complete one cycle. The two strokes are named compression and power stroke. The fuel-air mixture is drawn into the crankcase in the compression stroke. As the piston moves upward, it compresses the fuel-air mixture in the crankcase. When the mixture is compressed, it is forced upwards into the cylinder through the transfer port. The spark plug ignites the mixture, causing a rapid expansion of gases that pushes the piston down. Finally, in the exhaust stroke, burnt gases are expelled from the engine.
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