Category: 2. Noise and Vibration Control of Machines

Production machinery and equipment that generate intense noise include machines that operate with impacts such as forging hammers [100, 101], cold headers, stamping presses, riveters, jolting tables, some machine tools, and impact‐generating assembly stations. With the exception of forging plants, in which forging hammers are the dominant source of noise, noise sources in manufacturing plants can…

Valve‐Induced Noise Control valves are used in industrial plants to control the rate of fluid flow by creating a pressure drop across the valve. The flow is first accelerated by this process and then the kinetic energy is converted into thermal energy or heat through turbulence and/or shock waves. In the process a small fraction…

Pumps are used to transport liquids and suspensions of solid particles in hydraulic systems. The noise generated in such systems is produced not only by the pump but also by the driving motor (usually an electric motor with its cooling fan). The noise and vibration created is carried throughout the hydraulic system as fluid‐borne noise…

Compressors can be considered to be pumps for gases. Although there are some differences in construction details between compressors and pumps, their principles of operation, however, are essentially the same (see Section 11.3.4). Since gases normally have much lower densities than liquids, it is possible to operate compressors at much higher speeds than pumps. However, gases…

Internal Combustion Engines The IC engine is a major source of noise in transportation and industrial use. The intake and exhaust noise can be effectively silenced. However, the noise radiated by engine surfaces is more difficult to control. In gasoline engines, a fuel–air mixture is compressed to about one‐eighth to one‐tenth of its original volume and…

Woodworking machinery includes a wide variety of equipment, ranging from off‐road forest equipment to simple circular saws, band saws, and jig saws used in industrial and residential workshops. Extremely high noise levels produced by these woodworking machines during both operating and machine idle conditions pose a severe threat to the hearing of the operators of…

Many industrial processes involve cutting metals. Metal‐cutting processes can either be continuous or impulsive in character. Examples of continuous processes include sawing, drilling, milling, and grinding. Additional continuous cutting processes include use of water jets for cutting steel plates up to 300‐mm thickness and plasma and laser cutting techniques. Examples of impulsive processes include punching, piercing, and shearing [50].…

Fans and blowers are used in appliances, in buildings, in air distribution systems for heating and cooling, and in industry for a variety of purposes. Fan noise, its generation, and control are discussed in detail in Ref. [31] and Chapter 13 in the present book. There are two main types of fan designs: axial and centrifugal (see Figure…

There are two main types of bearings: (i) rolling contact and (ii) sliding contact [6, 7]. Rolling contact bearings are more commonly used, but sliding contact bearings are usually quieter than rolling contact bearings, if properly manufactured, installed, and maintained. Proper lubrication is essential for both rolling and sliding contact bearings. Reference [26] presents a detailed…

11.2.1 Gears Gears are used in a number of applications where mechanical power is transmitted. Gears can emit annoying and harmful noise levels when a fraction of the transmitted power is converted to noise [16]. Most modern gear teeth have an involute profile, although some have circular‐arc profiles [1, 2]. Figure 11.1a shows some of the terms…