Category: Steam Condensers

There is a need to recycle the cooling water through the condenser when cooling water supply is limited. Cooling tower is an artificial device used to cool hot cooling water coming out from the condenser. There are different types of cooling towers. The induced draft type cooling towers are commonly used in high capacity power…

It is defined as the ratio of the difference between the outlet and inlet temperatures of the cooling water to the difference between the temperature ts corresponding to the vacuum in the condenser and the inlet temperature of cooling water. where tiw, tow = temperature at inlet and outlet respectively of cooling water, ts = temperature of steam corresponding to the actual…

The lowest pressure which can exist in a condenser is the saturation pressure of steam corresponding to the temperature of water entering the condenser. However, the actual pressure is always greater than the ideal pressure by an amount equal to the partial pressure of air present in the condenser. Let   ps = saturation pressure of steam…

The function of the air pump is to maintain a desired vacuum in the condenser by removing air and condensed steam. Edward’s air pump is commonly used for this purpose. 1 Edward’s Air Pump This pump is shown in Fig. 8.11. It consists of a plunger or piston D having a conical head E which slides…

1 Sources of Air Infiltration in Condenser The amount of air leakage should not be more than 5−15 kg/10000 kg of steam. 2 Effects of Air Infiltration in Condensers

Let   ṁw = mass flow rate of circulating water, kg/h ṁs = mass flow rate of steam condensed, kg/h t = temperature of wet exhaust steam, °C tc = temperature of condensate, °C hf = enthalpy of water at t°C, kJ/kg hfg = enthalpy of evaporation of steam at t°C, kJ/kg x = dryness fraction of exhaust steam tiw = inlet temperature of cooling water, °C tow = outlet…

Dalton’s law states that Example 8.1 A vacuum of 67 cm of Hg was obtained with the barometer reading of 75 cm of Hg. The condensate temperature is 20°C. Correct the vacuum to a standard barometer of 76 cm and hence determine the partial pressure of air and steam. Also find the mass of air…

A vacuum gauge is used to measure the vacuum in the condenser. Figure 8.10 shows a vacuum gauge. It consists of a glass tube containing mercury to indicate the barometric pressure and another mercury tube connected to the condenser and vacuum gauge. The vacuum gauge has readings marked in cm of Hg. It represents the height at…

1 Jet Condensers Advantages Disadvantages 2 Surface Condensers Advantages Disadvantages